Global Television Network
Summary - see individual stations for details.
1960s In the 1960’s, Ken Soble, founder of
CHCH-TV in Hamilton, had a dream to launch a super station that would use
satellite to reach all of Canada. Unfortunately he passed away in 1966. Al
Bruner worked for Soble back then. He too had this super station dream and
pursued it.
1970 With Soble’s death, Bruner decided to carry forward his vision and established Global Communications Limited. He started preparations to seek funding, and eventually to apply to the CRTC for a licence.
1972 Al Bruner unveiled his plan. It would not
be a national service – for now. It would be a regional Ontario television
network – a group of transmitters linked together by satellite, operating from
one central studio. He proposed to run eight commercial minutes per hour
compared to the twelve that other stations were offering. He felt this would be
an incentive to lure Canadian advertisers away from Buffalo stations.
Global Communications was licensed to operate a network of television transmitters across Southern Ontario. Transmitters would be located at Ottawa (channel 6), Bancroft (channel 2), Uxbridge (channel 22), Paris (channel 6), Sarnia (channel 34) and Windsor (channel 26). The decision on a transmitter at Maxville (near Cornwall) was deferred.
The station was expected to launch in January of 1974 and proposed to
broadcast only in prime-time hours, from 5 p.m. to midnight. Daytime broadcast
hours would be offered to the Ontario Educational Communications Authority
(OECA).
Principal shareholders of Global Communications Ltd. were CanPlex Ltd. (the
founding company – Al Bruner and Peter Hill), Maclean Hunter Ltd. and Odeon
Theatres Canada Ltd. The remaining 57.2% of the shares would be offered to the
public.
1973 Some changes to Global’s channel line-up
were approved. The Sarnia (Oil Springs) transmitter would operate on channel 29
rather than ch 34 and the Windsor transmitter would broadcast on channel 22
instead of ch 26.
It should be noted that the Maxville transmitter would not be allowed to
operate because of its proximity to Montreal.
1974 At 6:00 p.m. on January 6, The Global
Television Network signed on the air with six transmitters across Southern
Ontario. Studios were in a former factory at 81 Barber Greene Road in Don Mills
(Toronto). The call letters for the new station: CKGN-TV, with the "GN" standing
for Global Television Network.
Windsor and Sun Parlor region
With a channel 22 transmitter at Cottam, effective radiated power was 218,000 watts video and 33,000 watts audio. Antenna height was 367 feet EHAAT.
Sarnia and Bluewater country
Service from channel 29 transmitter, located southwest of Oil Springs with effective radiated power was 370,000 watts video and 55,500 watts audio. Antenna height was 685 feet EHAAT.
Niagara Peninsula, London, Kitchener, Hamilton and Toronto
Global’s main transmitter operated on channel 6 from a tower located southwest of Paris. It operated with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts video and 15,000 watts audio. Antenna height was 1,037 feet EHAAT.
Eastern Toronto, Oshawa and Mid-Eastern Ontario regions
Canada’s most powerful television transmitter operated on channel 22 from Uxbridge and served the. Effective radiated video power was five million watts. Audio ERP was 750,000 watts. Antenna height was 598 feet EHAAT. The transmitter was located near Goodwood, south of Uxbridge.
Eastern Ontario Kingston and Peterborough
was covered by the channel 2 transmitter, located just east of Bancroft, and operating on channel 2, with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts video and 15,000 watts audio. Antenna height was 949 feet EHAAT.
Canada’s capital city region
received Global programming from the Ottawa transmitter, broadcasting on channel 6. Effective radiated power was 12,600 watts video and 1,900 watts audio. Antenna height was 149 feet EHAAT. The transmitter was located at Camp Fortune, Quebec.
By the spring, Global had been losing about a million dollars a month.
Ratings were bad…a 2.5% share in Toronto, compared to CFTO’s 20% and CBLT’s
17.5. Signing on the air in mid-season was a big mistake as advertisers had
already committed their money to the existing stations and networks. Global’s
bank cut off its credit. It could no longer meet daily expenses. Founder Al
Bruner was pushed out of the President’s office.
On March 31, Global accepted a re-financing plan put forward by a group of
investors. Izzy Asper and Paul Morton headed Global Ventures Holdings Ltd., a
wholly owned subsidiary of Global Ventures Western Ltd., which bought a 45%
interest in Global Communications Ltd. Seymour Epstein (whose Imagineering Ltd.
did all of the technical work for Global and was now a creditor) bought 10%, and
Allan Slaight's IWC Communications Ltd. took 45%. The new owners took over April
15, 1974. Founder Al Bruner and his group exited.
1975
Izzy Asper established CKND-TV, an independent station in Winnipeg.
1976 Izzy Asper and Gerald Schwartz from
Canwest Capital Group Inc. (a venture capital company) and other Global
investors, began to roll their shares into Canwest.
1977 On March 22, Allan Slaight triggered a
buy-sell agreement and Global Ventures ended up with a 72% interest in the
network. The other 28% was held by the public. Global Ventures Western Ltd.
(Asper of Canwest Capital Corp.), Morton and Epstein (Odeon-Morton Theatres
Ltd.) bought Slaight's interest. This left Canwest with 50% and Epstein &
Morton with 50% of Global.
1981 Global had applied to the CRTC to have its
signal distributed across Canada via satellite except in markets where third
television services already existed (ie: Toronto with CITY, Vancouver with CKVU
and Winnipeg with CKND). The application was denied.
1984 Global marked ten years on the air,
January 6, by changing its call letters from CKGN-TV to CIII-TV.
1985 Canwest Capital owned 61% of Global
Ventures, and Izzy Asper emerged from a reorganization of Canwest Capital as the
principal shareholder. Global Ventures Holdings acquired all of the outstanding
shares of Global Communications, making it 100% owned by Global Ventures
Western, either directly or through its subsidiary Global Ventures Holdings.
1986 On July 17, authorization was granted to
decrease ERP at the Windsor-area transmitter from 218,000 to 152,000 watts and
to relocate the transmitter site from Cottam to Stevenson. This would reinstate
service to the Windsor area. The Cottam transmitter had been off the air a
number of years.
1987 Global upgraded all of its transmitters
to operate in stereo. The Kitchener transmitter was moved to a new site (still
near Paris).
On October 2, CIII-TV-6 Ottawa was given approval to decrease ERP from 14,700
to 8,700 watts and to relocate the transmitter site from an area on the edge of
the Gatineau Park to the Camp Fortune transmission tower.
In October, at the Bancroft site, the tower was raised, a new antenna was installed and effective radiated power increased to the authorized 100,000 watts. The transmitter had been operating at 67,200 watts. The increase would improve signal quality to the Kingston and belleville areas. (this change approved by the CRTC July 17, 1986)
Global opened a transmitter
(channel 7) at Midland to serve the Barrie/Georgian Bay/Muskoka area on November
24. The tower was located near Port Severn. Effective radiated power was 325,000
watts video and 48,800 watts audio. Antenna height was 1,131 feet EHAAT.
Al Bruner passed away at age 63. Global was his dream. He got it on the air
but was forced out of the picture in the early going, but before his death, he
did see his dream realized.
1988 The Windsor transmitter at Cottam was
deleted and replaced by a new facility at Stevenson. The Cottam transmitter had
been down for some time due to a variety of problems.
The channel 4 transmitter at Owen Sound, went into service June 27. Effective
radiated power was 18,400 watts video. The height of the new tower would be
increased by the same amount as the decreased ground elevation.
On September 29, CIII-TV-4 Owen Sound was authorized to increase ERP from
18,400 to 20,600 watts, and to relocate the transmitter from the currently
authorized site to a nearby location of lower ground elevation.
The Peterborough-Cobourg transmitter opened October 15, on channel 27. The
transmitter was located at the CFMX-FM site at Alnwick Hill and Harwood Roads,
Hamilton Township, just north of Cobourg. A new tower was built for both
stations. CFMX owned the property and Global owned the new tower. Channel 27
broadcast with an ERP of 1,284,000 watts (average) and 2,535,000 watts (maximum,
video).
On October 22, at 5:30 p.m., the Toronto transmitter opened on channel 41. It
broadcast from the CN Tower, 301 Front Street West, with an effective radiated
power of 786,000 watts video.
On November 30, the Uxbridge transmitter was pulled out of service. It
promoted the new channel 41 Toronto transmitter for a few weeks and was then
deleted completely on December 31st.
Global continued to open new stations across Canada with the opening of CFRE-TV Regina and CFSK-TV Saskatoon on September 5th. While Global was not yet a Network, most of the programming was carried on all stations.
1989 Morton & Epstein were "at war" with
Asper. They went to court. A Manitoba judge ordered the end of the partnership.
Global Ventures Western and subsidiary Global Ventures Holdings were put up for
auction with only CanWest Communications Enterprises (Asper) and Seyton Ltd.
(Morton & Epstein) being allowed to bid on the shares. On December 14, 1989,
Asper emerged as the winner, getting 100% of Global.
Selkirk Communication was purchased by MacLean Hunter and consequentially sold its TV stations, including CFAC-TV, Calgary and it’s interest in CHAN-TV Vancouver. CHEK-TV Victoria and CHBC-TV Kelowna to WIC International of Vancouver.
On October 31, CIII-TV-27 Peterborough was granted a decrease in ERP from
1,284,000 to 836,000 watts.
1990 On October 22, the CRTC approved the
transfer of effective control of Global Communications Ltd. to CanWest
Communications Enterprises Inc. Global was owned 100% by Global Ventures Western
Ltd., a holding company beneficially owned 60.76% by CanWest.
1991 Global Communications Ltd. began (again)
to offer its shares to the public.
On February 6, the CRTC approved Allarcom's sale of CITV and CITV-TV-1 (CITA-TV) Red Deer, as well as CKRD-TV Red Deer and CKRD-TV-1 Coronation, to Westcom TV Group Ltd. In this transaction, Dr. Allard (Allarcom) acquired approximately 22.4% of the issued non-voting class B shares of Western International Communications (Westcom's parent company). The transfer was completed March 22, 1991.
On November 18, CIII-TV-41 Toronto was given approval to decrease effective
radiated power from 1,475,000 to 732,000 watts.
1992 On April 8, Global was given approval to
add transmitters at Fort Erie (ch55 / 14,200 watts), Sudbury (ch 11 / 25,000
watts), Timmins (ch 13 / 11,600 watts), North Bay (ch 2 / 3,400 watts) and Sault
Ste. Marie (ch 12 / 1,800 watts). The latest proposal to add a transmitter at
Maxville (near Cornwall) was denied. The CRTC was concerned that the proposed
transmitter would make it more feasible for cable systems in Montréal to pick up
the Global signal.
On December 1, Global expanded its coverage area with new transmitters at
North Bay (channel 2 with ERP of 3,400 watts video), Sault Ste. Marie (channel
12 with ERP of 18,000 watts video), Sudbury (channel 11 with ERP of 25,000 watts
video), and Timmins (channel 13 with ERP of 11,600 watts video).
1993 In February or March, CIII opened a
transmitter at Fort Erie, operating on channel 55 with effective radiated power
of 14,200 watts video.
1994 After losing an average of $5 million dollars per year since sign-on, CIHF-TV Saint John was sold to CanWest Global Communications Corp. on August 29, 1994, in a three way sale involving the CBC purchasing CHSJ-TV and moving it to Fredericton, renaming it CBAT-TV, as a full CBC station.
Halifax became the operational and business centre for CIHF-TV later in the year.
1996 On August 28, the CRTC gave Global
approval to add a transmitter at Cornwall. Global had proposed to use channel 11
but that was awarded to CHCH-TV for use in Ottawa.
1997 On February 27, TVA CanWest Limited Partnership (TVA Regional Inc. and Global Communications Ltd.) was given approval to purchase CKMI-TV Quebec City, from Télé-Métropole inc. (TVA Regional Inc.). The station would drop its CBC affiliation and become a GLOBAL network station.
All of the Canwest-Global stations across Canada began using the GLOBAL name.
1998 The Griffiths family holdings in WIC Western International Communications Ltd. were sold, subject to CRTC approval, to Shaw Communications Inc. and CanWest Global Communications Corp.
Following months of negotiation, agreements were filed with the CRTC on the split of WIC assets between CanWest Global, Corus Radio (formerly Shaw Radio), and Shaw Communications, the sale was approved subject to CanWest Global’s divesting CKVU-TV Vancouver.
2000 Following an April hearing in Vancouver, in July, the CRTC announced the approval of the purchase of WIC Television by CanWest Global, which included BCTV Vancouver, conditional on CanWest Global divesting CKVU-TV Vancouver.
The change in ownership resulted in an unprecedented network shuffle in the Vancouver market, with CHAN-TV becoming part of the Global Network, CTV launching its new Vancouver station CIVT-TV, and CKVU-TV becoming an independent CHUM station effective September 1, 2001.
2003 I. H. “Izzy” Asper passed away on October
7.
2004 Global launched its first Ontario radio
station in January – CKBT, serving Kitchener-Waterloo.
On June 9, Global was given approval to operate a transitional digital
television undertaking in association with CIII-TV-41 Toronto. The digital
undertaking would operate from the CN Tower on channel 65C with an effective
radiated power of 3,000 watts.
Global’s Toronto transmitter (channel 41) began digital (channel 65C)
operations in mid-October.
2005 On October 27, the CRTC approved the
transfer of effective control of CanWest MediaWorks Inc. and its subsidiaries,
licensees of various broadcasting undertakings across Canada, from the late Mr.
Israel Asper to Mrs. Ruth Miriam Asper, and subsequently from Mrs. Ruth Miriam
Asper to the children, through their control of the board of directors of
CanWest Global Communications Corp., pursuant to a nomination agreement between
them and CanWest Communications Corporation, a corporation controlled by Mrs.
Ruth Miriam Asper. (Note: CanWest Mediaworks was now the parent of Global
Television)
Written by Ross McCreath & Bill Dulmage - June, 2006
|